Since margarine is a substitute for butter, milk is added in most margarine recipes. However, the cost of margarine obtained for the cost of cow's milk exceeds. The article presents the results of experiments on obtaining milk from soy beans and its use in place of cow's milk in margarine. When soy beans were taken and analyzed using soy milk in an traditional way, it was found that its ingredients were close to those of cow's milk. In particular, the protein content is 3.48% in soy milk and 2.31-2.84% in cow's milk. The carbohydrate content is 2.10% and 8.48 8.91%, the fat content is 1.96% and 0.11-0.14%, and the ash content is 0.28% and 0.21-0.26%, respectively. Cow's milk made a serious difference from soy milk in the amount of carbohydrates. On the basis of the resulting soy milk, a margarine recipe was formed and margarine was prepared. All the margarines obtained complied with the requirements of O’zDSt 3317-2018 in terms of quality indicators. It was observed that the consistency (plasticity, solubility, surface area on the cut) of margarines obtained only on the basis of the recipe with the addition of soy milk is relatively good.
Milk production plays a crucial role in ensuring food security in India by providing a vital source of essential nutrients. This study analyzes the linkages between milk production and food security, focusing on the availability and accessibility of milk and dairy products, their nutritional significance, and the implications for livelihoods. The findings demonstrate a positive association between milk production and improved food security indicators. Increased milk production contributes to enhanced availability and accessibility of nutrient-rich food sources, addressing both macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies. Moreover, milk production stimulates sustainable livelihoods, particularly for smallholder farmers, and promotes rural development through income generation and employment opportunities. However, challenges such as limited infrastructure and market linkages for dairy farmers exist. To capitalize on the linkages between milk production and food security, it is crucial to invest in sustainable practices, strengthen supply chains, and support smallholder farmers. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in shaping strategies and interventions to further enhance food security through milk production in India.
Czech Red-pied × Ayrshire × Red Holstein crossbreds, got an eating routine with either creation blend with rapeseed, rapeseed cakes and rapeseed oil (Energol; E-bunch; last feed combination with 62 g of unrefined fat per kg of dry matter, DM) or control creation blend (C-bunch; rough fat substance in all out feed blend 37 g/kg DM). Milk tests were taken on the fourteenth, 30th, 60th and 90th day of lactation, and fundamental milk constituents and unsaturated fat substance in milk not really set in stone. E-and C-bunches didn't vary in either milk yield or yield of milk fat, milk protein and lactose (P > 0.05). Lactose, calcium, milk protein and casein content expanded straightly (P < 0.05) with the expanding day of lactation both in E-milk and in C-milk. Casein content in E-milk was lower (P < 0.05) than in C-milk however all out lipid content didn't vary (P > 0.05) from that in C-milk. Dietary rapeseed diminished (P < 0.05) palmitic corrosive substance in milk by 20 rate units and simultaneously expanded (P < 0.05) oleic corrosive substance by 10 rate units in correlation with control milk; the proportion of all out C16/complete C18 unsaturated fats was thusly twice lower (P < 0.01) in E-milk. To the extent polyunsaturated unsaturated fats (PUFA) are concerned, the substance of linoleic corrosive (LA), α-linolenic corrosive (LNA) and eicosapentaenoic + docosahexaenoic corrosive were higher (P < 0.05) in E-milk; nonetheless, the PUFAn-6/PUFAn-3 proportion was not diverse among E-and C-milk. It was presumed that 1 liter of E-milk could give 20% of both LA and LNA every day prerequisite.
It is known that for average physical activity, a person is recommended to consume food
products equal to 1200-1300 kJ of calories per night. 100 g of bread contains 1100-1300 kJ. The amount of food required for proper nutrition depends on people's age, gender, work activity and climatic conditions. In terms of nutritional value, flour and flour products rank high.
Year by year, the population's demand for high-quality flour products is increasing, and as a result, manufacturers are taking measures to further improve the quality of products. As a result, manufacturers require monitoring of product analysis with modern equipment and facilities. In addition, manufacturers
are constantly researching not only their own flour products, but also the products of enterprises that produce similar products.
The article presents the results of three-year experiments on testing insecticides in the fight against the codling moth and ticks. The best among the tested drugs were: insectoacaricide Bifenfos, 42% k.e. at a rate of consumption of 1.5 l/ha,
SUMMARY
The main industry in the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan is agriculture. Modern technologies for the production of agricultural products, based on the widespread use of pesticides and mineral fertilizers, made it possible to largely solve the problem of providing the population with food, and, at the same time, gave rise to numerous environmental, medical and environmental problems, problems of ecologically pure and biologically valuable food, rehabilitation land, restoration of their fertility. Therefore, the arrival of new classes of pesticides with different mechanisms of action, high selectivity and low toxicity for warm-blooded animals is very modern.
Currently, the development and application of new plant protection products that are non-toxic to humans and animals is of global importance. Priority studies are aimed at creating plant protection products based on microorganisms and their metabolites, as well as the search for substances of plant origin with potential pesticidal activity, but at the same time, studies based on the development of pesticides based on chemical compounds that have high efficiency, selectivity to objects of use and rapid degradation in the environment.
Significant funds were allocated for the solution of these goals, support was provided to horticultural farmers and the result has borne fruit. Horticultural products from Uzbekistan are in demand on the world market. At present, the export of food, fruit and vegetable products totaled about $ 5 billion. Over the past three years, the volume of exported agricultural products has more than tripled. Our country sends to 80 countries of the world more than 180 types of selected fruits and vegetables and products made from them. Uzbekistan is among the top ten countries in the world - leaders in terms of exports of apricots, plums, grapes, nuts, cabbage and many other types of fruits and vegetables [9].
In the 21st century, in solving the food problem, FAO experts recognized the concept of integrated plant protection as the leading one [8].
To maintain the potential for environmental resilience of plants, including their resistance to pathogens, the use of pesticides should be minimized. Particularly dangerous for plants are organophosphate insectoacaricides, which can block the work of important redox enzymes responsible for environmental resistance, including pathogens.
Every year, more and more food industry enterprises widely use the processing of finished and semi-finished products by shock freezing. Blast freezing and refrigeration with rapid temperature reduction is the best technology for preserving the taste and nutritional qualities of food products, in particular bakery and confectionery products. It minimizes the development of microorganisms during storage and significantly extends the storage period. The transition of bakeries to blast freezing technology will help expand the range of bakery products, diversify the bread basket and increase profitability. [1]
The article deals with the basic terms and definitions of oil and oil products, technological processes, their classification, safety requirements, sanitary norms and rules, permissible levels of hazardous substances, requirements for production processes, packaging and labeling requirements. , as well as identification and conformity assessment processes. All of these processes are the basis for the production of oil and oil products and the provision of quality and safety indicators.
One of the vital minerals in the human body is calcium. This mineral takes part in more than 300 biologically active reactions. Medicinal products (PM), including calcium salts, have been used in medicine for many decades. In total, the body of an adult contains about 1000-1500 mg of Ca. In the body, calcium is in two forms - it is ionized (free) and associated with Ca proteins (mainly albumin). A decrease in the concentration of ionized calcium causes signs of hypocalcemia. The main way calcium enters the body is the alimentary route. By consuming milk, dairy products, fish, meat, fruits, vegetables, greens, we take the daily intake of calcium. Sources of calcium for children at different stages are different. The intake of calcium to the fetus depends on the saturation of the mother's body with calcium, vitamin D. In the last trimester of pregnancy, the rate of calcium incorporation into the fetal body increases, which means that the state of bone mineralization will also depend on gestational age. After birth, the source of calcium is breast milk, and for formula-fed babies, an adapted milk formula. With breast milk, a child receives up to 300 mg of calcium, and in mixtures, an average of 400 mg of calcium.
The article analyzes the state of development of the viticulture and wine industry in the Republic of Uzbekistan, analyzes the assortment and classification of products, highlights the requirement for the quality standard of table grapes (UNECE FFV-19), elaborates recommendations for ensuring the quality and safety of the wine industry and increasing their export potential.
This article describes the use of intensive technologies in the drying of fruits in the project, including the use of vibration boiling to reduce the duration of the drying process and save raw material consumption for 1 ton of dried products by 0.5-2%. Also shows the organoleptic properties of dried plums in vibrating dryers proved to be superior to products obtained from tape-type dryers.
The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the use functional food products aimed at reducing the content of table salt in the body. According to the research results, a positive trend towards an increase in the level of sodium excretion in urine was revealed in students who received functional food products made from local products rich in potassium and low in sodium, developed by us in the standard "Products of functional nutrition NUMA".
The article examines the issues of export-import of food products in the republic and provides an analysis of the current situation. Based on the results of research and analysis, proposals and recommendations were developed for the development of export-import of food products.
This research investigates consumers' demand functions for cut-flower products through a case study conducted in Punjab, Pakistan. Understanding consumers' preferences and behaviours is essential for effective market analysis and strategic decision-making. The study employs econometric modelling to estimate demand functions, considering factors such as price, income, and socio-demographic variables. Through surveys and data analysis, the research quantifies the responsiveness of consumers to changes in prices and income levels. The findings provide valuable insights into consumer preferences, price elasticity, and market dynamics for cut-flower products in the Punjab region of Pakistan.
The global cut-flower industry is a significant component of the horticultural sector, contributing to economic development and providing aesthetic and cultural value. This study investigates consumers' demand functions for cut-flower products in Punjab, Pakistan, shedding light on the preferences, purchasing behaviour, and socioeconomic factors that influence floral consumption patterns in this region.
Through a rigorous survey and data analysis, we examine the determinants of demand for cut flowers, considering factors such as income, price, cultural influences, and seasonality. The study utilizes econometric models to estimate price elasticities and income elasticities of demand, offering insights into the responsiveness of consumers to price changes and shifts in income.
Preliminary findings reveal that cut-flower consumption in Punjab exhibits price elasticity, suggesting that consumers are sensitive to changes in flower prices. Furthermore, income elasticity results indicate that cut-flower consumption tends to increase with rising incomes, signalling a potential growth opportunity for the local floral industry as the region experiences economic development.
Cultural and seasonal factors also play a significant role in shaping consumer preferences, with particular flower varieties being favoured for specific occasions and festivals. Understanding these cultural nuances is vital for local flower growers and retailers to cater to consumer demand effectively.
This research contributes to the horticultural and agricultural sectors by providing valuable insights into consumer behaviour within the cut-flower market. By comprehensively analysing consumers' demand functions, policymakers, growers, and marketers can make informed decisions regarding pricing strategies, marketing campaigns, and product divers.
This article provides an analysis of the activities and international experience of countries in ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural and food products and their competitiveness. An analysis of the work carried out in the republic to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural and food products, raising them to a new level, is made, recommendations are given.